Framework: The Center for Internet Security (CIS) Top 18 Controls

Control 9—Email and Web Browser Protections—targets the entry points most frequently exploited by attackers: users’ inboxes and browsers. These applications are gateways between trusted internal systems and the untrusted external world. Malicious links, attachments, and scripts routinely bypass basic defenses by exploiting human behavior rather than technical vulnerabilities. Phishing remains the most common initial attack vector, with web browsing a close second due to drive-by downloads, compromised websites, and fake login portals. This control ensures organizations implement technical and procedural safeguards that reduce risk from these high-volume, socially engineered threats. By hardening browsers, filtering email, and controlling what content can run or download, enterprises protect users from being the unwitting delivery mechanism for malware, ransomware, and credential theft.

Defending these channels requires layered controls that combine filtering, configuration, and awareness. Email systems should employ anti-spam, anti-phishing, and malware scanning at the gateway level, supplemented by authentication standards like DMARC, DKIM, and SPF to verify message integrity. Web browsers should be configured to disable unnecessary plugins, block pop-ups, and prevent automatic execution of potentially dangerous scripts. DNS and URL filtering further strengthen protection by preventing access to known malicious domains. Training users to recognize phishing cues and suspicious web behavior reinforces these technical defenses with human vigilance. Together, these safeguards build a resilient perimeter around the most targeted interfaces of modern computing—email and browsers—turning them from constant liabilities into managed, defensible gateways.
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